Motivation and Management - Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation and Management - Report - Essay Example The underlying question that motivation asks is why do people do what they do? In addition, motivation is concerned with the reason people opt to take a particular course of action, over because whilst suffering difficulties and problems throughout Bruno (2002). Motivation has four common characteristics. One of them is that every person is unique and their motivations needs are different. Second characteristic is that motivation is intentional it is under the control of employee and it becomes an influential factor in their performance. The other characteristic is that motivation has two major dimensions named as active and engaged. The last characteristic is that motivation predicts the employee’s behavior. A motivated employee will work hard as they will feel fulfilled to do so. The employee will also be compelled to produce quality work with high performance rate. When an employee is de-motivated, low output and poor quality work is observed. The main aim for CBC is to provide high quality work as well as profit maximization. It then calls for self managing personnel who will work hard to achieve the set goals. For that to be realized, motivation issue must be addressed. There are three possible ways of increasing motivation. Extrinsic motivation, that is, motivation that can be enhanced through tangible rewards such as salary, promotion and conditions of work, intrinsic motivation that is related to psychological rewards including a sense of challenge or performance. In addition, motivation is increased by developing passion from work Bruno (2002). This simply provides means of collaboration, fairness, recognition, growth, and connectedness with leaders. Maslows hierarchy of needs argues there are five categories individuals undergo. Therefore, must the management to build in higher aspects of the hierarchy such as performance, advancement; recognition and responsibility to enable employees achieve the

The Global Economic Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Global Economic Crisis Essay The current global financial has spawned a renewed interest among economists and policymakers to identify its causes and to come up with possible solutions. There were a number of financial crises that have taken place in the 20th century, a considerable number of which elicited panic that the whole economy was at the verge of collapse (Karabell). Countries previously affected by economic crises seem to be rebounding, with improvements in credit ratings and returns of foreign capital. Despite the lessons learned from the past crises, it is inevitable for history to repeat itself. Moreover, not even the world’s strongest economy is immune from this terrible fate. The meltdown in the US mortgage industry started the series of unfortunate events that led to the massive economic crisis. The perception that real estate prices would rise encouraged financial institutions to loosen their standards to borrowers (Shiller 29). However, this economic slowdown was not contained in the mortgage industry. Months after the initial signs of such slowdown, bigger financial institutions have been hit of what has become a global financial crisis. It was like dominoes falling one right after another: The demise of Lehman Brothers tipped to the rush sale of Merrill Lynch to Bank of America, followed by the federal takeover of AIG (Duffy). Now that the U. S. government has granted a $7-billion bailout, the U. S. financial market shows promising potentials of recovery. Yet, none can be of infallible certainty as to its sustainability (Sahadi). It is impossible to account at this early point of time the effectiveness of the bailout. What is possible is to recognize what is happening and to take basic steps in the restructuring of the institutional foundations of the financial economy. These include taking short-run remedies to put a halt at least to the continuing detriments of the crisis and to employ long-term changes that would reduce, if not totally eradicate, the risk of another global financial crisis. Works Cited Duffy, Michael. â€Å"After the Financial Crisis, a Cleanup That Changes Everything. † Time Magazine. 22 September 2008. 28 October 2008 http://www. time. com/time/business/article/ 0,8599,1843213,00.html. . Karabell, Zachary. â€Å"In A Few Fateful Days. † Newsweek. 18 October 2008. 28 October 2008 http://www. newsweek. com/id/164593. Sahadi, Jeanne. â€Å"Bailout is law: President Bush signs historic $700 billion plan aimed at stemming credit crisis. † CNNMoney. 4 October 2008. 28 October 2008 http://money. cnn. com/2008/10/03/news/economy/house_friday_bailout/index. htm? postversion=2008100309 Shiller, Robert J. The Subprime Solution: How Todays Global Financial Crisis Happened, and What to Do about It. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008.

Analysis of Privacy in the Information Age :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Privacy in the Information Age    This is the Information Age, the age of gathering information. People are introduced to all types of information from print and broadcast media, and they themselves are the object of information collected on an increasing scale. Computers have be come so entrenched in people's lives that they have come to take computers for granted, and usually stop to complain on occasions when these machines fail them. Computers collect our paychecks, pay our bills, dispense our cash, send our orders, and save our data. While computers may only contain bits and pieces of our personal information, collectively computers know us better than many of our friends and relatives. The use of the information highway by marketing firms, law enforcement agencies, the me dia, financial and educational institutions to collect and compile personal information is making may consumer advocates and privacy experts uneasy. However, many Americans, even though concerned about privacy invasions, simply acc ept the loss of their p rivacy as a consequency of the Information Age and are not willing to give up the benefits and conveniences which information technology has provided them (Long 19).    British novelist, George Orwell, may have been accurate in his novel, 1984, envisioning a future where citizens are constantly monitored, but he never imagined how or to what degree this would be done. Today, a citizen's personal informatio n is everywhere: processed, manipulated, stored, and sold. In the last 10 years, data collection has escalated (Mossberg B1). There is nothing that doesn't create a pool of data that can be used in creative ways. Computers can collect personal data t o find patterns that reveal a citizen's habits, preferences, and personality. What is particularly surprising is the extent in current years to which this personal data about citizens can be obtained and made available to many interested parties. The is sue, therefore, affects everyone. Privacy and the consumer, privacy and the workplace, and privacy and medical records in the Information Age are all issues of privacy that people must deal with today.    In the 1990's, the Internet has virtually changed the lifestyle of the consumer. One-to-one marketing and advertising has become very popular on the Internet, and the personal service it gives a consumer can save him time and effort.

Agriculture of Pakistan

Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan's economy and accounted for 25.9 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to government estimates. The sector directly supports three-quarters of the country's population, employs half the labor force , and contributes a large share of foreign exchange earnings. The main agricultural products are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk, beef, mutton, and eggs. Pakistan depends on one of the world's largest irrigation systems to support production. There are 2 principal seasons. Cotton, rice, and sugarcane are produced during the kharif season, which lasts from May to November. Wheat is the major rabi crop, which extends from November to April. The key to a much-needed improvement of productivity lies in a more efficient use of resources, principally land and water. However, change is dependent on the large landowners who own 40 percent of the arable land and control most of the irrigation system, which makes widespread reform difficult. Assessments by independent agencies, including the World Bank, show these large landholdings to be very unproductive. Pakistan is a net importer of agricultural commodities. Annual imports total about US$2 billion and include wheat, edible oils, pulses, and consumer foods. Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers of raw cotton. The size of the annual cotton crop—the bulk of it grown in Punjab province—is a crucial barometer of the health of the overall economy, as it determines the availability and cost of the main raw material for the yarn-spinning industry, much of which is concentrated around the southern port city of Karachi. Official estimates put the 1999-2000 harvest at some 11.2 million 170-kilogram bales, compared with the 1998-99 outturn of 8.8 million bales and the record 12.8 million bales achieved in 1991-92. The government recently actively intervened in the market to boost prices and to encourage production. A major problem is that the cotton crop is highly susceptible to adverse weather and pest damage, which is reflected in crop figures. After peaking at 2.18 million tons in 1991-92, the lint harvest has since fluctuated considerably, ranging from a low of 1.37 million tons in 1993-94 to a high of 1.9 million tons in 1999-2000. The 2000-01 wheat crop was forecast at a record 19.3 million tons, compared to 17.8 million tons produced during the previous year. This increase is due largely to favorable weather and a 25-percent increase in the procurement price to about US$135 per ton. About 85 percent of the crop is irrigated. Despite the record production, Pakistan will continue to be a major wheat importer. The government has imported an average of US$2.4 million annually over the past 5 years. The United States and Australia are the major suppliers. Demand for wheat is increasing from Pakistan's rapidly growing population as well as from cross-border trade with Afghanistan. Pakistan is a major rice exporter and annually exports about 2 million tons, or about 10 percent of world trade. About 25 percent of exports is Pakistan's famous fragrant Basmati rice. Rice is Pakistan's second leading source of export earnings. Private traders handle all exports. Pakistan's main competitors in rice trade are Thailand, Vietnam, and India. Tobacco is grown mainly in the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab and is an important cash crop . Yields in Pakistan are about twice those for neighboring countries largely due to the extension services provided by the industry. Quality, however, is improving only slowly due to problems related to climate and soil. Farmers have started inter-cropping tobacco with vegetables and sugarcane to increase returns. About half of the total production is used for cigarette manufacturing and the remainder used in traditional ways of smoking (in hand-rolled cigarettes called birris, in water pipes, and as snuff). The share of imported tobacco is increasing gradually in response to an increased demand for high-quality cigarettes. Minor crops account for only 5 percent of total cultivated area; these include oilseeds (sunflower, soybean), chilies, potatoes, and onions. Domestic oilseed production accounts only for about 25 percent of Pakistan total edible oil needs. As a result, Pakistan spends more than US$1 billion annually in scarce foreign exchange to import edible oils, while its oilseed processing industry operates at less than 25 percent of capacity due to an inadequate supply of oilseeds. For 2000-01 total oilseed production was forecast to decrease 10 percent to 3.6 million tons. The government has highlighted development of the oilseed sector as a priority. Pakistan's fishing industry is relatively modest, but has shown strong growth in recent years. The domestic market is quite small, with per capita annual consumption of approximately 2 kilograms. About 80 percent of production comes from marine fisheries from 2 main areas, the Sindh coast east from Karachi to the Indian border, and the Makran coast of Baluchistan. Ninety percent of the total marine catch is fish; the shrimp which constitute the remainder are prized because of their greater relative value and demand in foreign markets. During 1999-00, total fish production was 620,000 tons, of which 440,000 tons consisted of sea fish and the remainder were fresh-water species. About one-third of the catch is consumed fresh, 9 percent is frozen, 8 percent canned, and about 43 percent used as fish meal for animal food. Livestock accounts for 40 percent of the agricultural sector and 9 percent of the total GDP. Principal products are milk, beef, mutton, poultry, and wool. During 1999, the livestock population increased to 120 million head. That same year Pakistan generated 970,000 tons of beef, 640,000 tons of mutton, and 190,000 tons of poultry. In an effort to enhance milk and meat production, the government recently launched a comprehensive livestock development project with Asian Development Bank assistance. Poultry production provides an increasingly popular low-cost source of protein. Modern poultry production is constrained by high mortality, high incidence of disease, poor quality chicks, and poor quality feed, combined with an inadequate marketing system. Frozen poultry have only recently been introduced. Forests cover an area of 4.2 million hectares or about 5 percent of the total area of Pakistan. The principal forest products are timber, principally for house construction, furniture, and firewood. Many of the country's wooded areas are severely depleted as a result of over-exploitation. The government has restricted cutting to protect remaining resources—though corruption often jeopardizes environmental efforts—and has lowered duties to encourage imports. Forestry production has since declined from 1.07 million cubic meters in 1990-91 to 475,000 cubic meters in 1998-99. Pakistan imports an estimated US$150 million of wood products annually to meet the requirements of a growing population and rising demand by a wealthy elite.

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

Ethos, Pathos and Logos Even someone living under a rock has most likely heard of the ongoing debate for and against outsourcing. Outsourcing is defined as enlisting help from an outside supplier or manufacturer in order to increase profit. To make someone gain interest in one’s view on something such as outsourcing, one needs to make a persuasive argument. A good persuasive argument contains three aspects: ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos is established in the character or displayed character of the writer or speaker.Logos uses logical evidence or reason usually with facts or statistics. Pathos appeals to the reader’s emotions. Thomas Friedman, three-time Pulitzer Prize-winning author and The New York Times columnist, uses rhetoric to increase the persuasiveness of his pro-outsourcing article â€Å"The Great Indian Dream. † Meanwhile, David Moberg, senior editor and contributor to numerous national publications, uses different examples using the same tools in his anti-outsourcing article â€Å"High-tech Hijack. Articles, such as these for and against outsourcing, use rhetorical persuasion by citing different examples and facts to add appeal to a specific view. â€Å"The Great Indian Dream,† the pro-outsourcing essay, contains several examples of persuasion using rhetoric. Thomas Friedman discusses how India came to be a workforce to compete with, in a logical and easily understood approach. Friedman demonstrates knowledge on the issue by acknowledging the opposing argument that outsourcing can be bad news from a competition point of view, but claims there is a solution.Friedman, citing what an Indian executive once told him, explains how all the United States needs to do to eliminate concern for outsourcing is â€Å"redouble their efforts at education and research†(Friedman). This is a truly persuasive statement because it establishes the character of the writer making him seem unbiased with this simple solution. Pathos is of ten demonstrated with the use of children, animals, and memories to evoke an emotional response from the reader. In â€Å"The Great Indian Dream,† Thomas Friedman applies this technique using his nine year-old daughter and his imagined granddaughter.Friedman adds persuasion to his argument by appealing to the reader’s sense of awe. This is shown through the innocence of a child’s response to questions about where products come from. This emotional response tends to make the example more relatable for the reader. In addition to using children to persuade, pathos can also be seen in the quote taken from Rajesh Rao while talking about how American executives now know proper Hindi greetings. Mr. Rao, a software marketing manager from India, states, †A few years ago nobody in America wanted to talk to us.Now they are eager†(Friedman). This statement attempts to make the reader feel a sense of sadness for the Indians before offshoring began, and a feeling of happiness now that it has begun. The last element of persuasion, logos, provides the greatest depth of logical reasoning for favoring a specific view. For example, Friedman shines a light on the time-zone difference, which allows for a continuous workday between the United States and India. With the chance to develop one’s own company nonstop by working 24 hours a day, who wouldn’t logically make this choice?Furthermore, India contains 555 million people under the age of 25, all raised with a strong emphasis on education. Friedman reveals this image of India which is comprised of so many young and intelligent individuals that make the country the obvious place to go in search of a large quantity of less expensive employees. â€Å"High-tech hijack,† an anti-outsourcing essay, demonstrates the same principles of persuasion in an attempt to influence the reader to oppose outsourcing.David Moberg also gained a great deal of credibility on outsourcing by winning t he Max Steinbeck Award from the International Labor Communications Association and a Project Censored Award for his coverage of labor issues. Moberg cites several respected sources, such as IDC, a private IT research firm, University of California Berkeley, and Economic Policy Institute, which only adds to the persuasion of his argument making it that much more supported. Using highly respected sources and discussing a solution to the problem by means of government legislation displays ethos for his position.Moberg points out a study of the gross overpayment of corporate positions found that â€Å"Executive pay for the 50 largest outsourcers of service jobs increased dramatically in 2003 to 28 percent above the average for large-company CEOs†(Moberg). This alarming number he uses, combined with the rising unemployment rate, renders a sense of contempt in the reader towards these money driven executives. Secondly, Mr. Moberg uses a first-hand example, with the story of Stephen Gentry to express his relatable emotions felt by many.Gentry, a fifteen year technical programmer for Boeing, worked fulltime while earning a computer-science degree and was forced to train his Indian replacements before being fired. After being unemployed for eighteen months, Stephen Gentry describes American corporations as â€Å"so greedy and cutthroat-oriented they don’t care about me, you or anybody else except their bottom line†(Moberg). This quote, taken from an individual with experience in the subject, persuades the reader showing a significant emotional experience caused by outsourcing. Mr.Moberg presents the use of logos while talking about several credible studies regarding offshoring. The first study conducted by University of California Berkeley estimates that 14 million service jobs are vulnerable. This staggering number persuades the reader against outsourcing which is logically the cause of the United States’ high unemployment problem. Both art icles have good examples of persuasion, but both also seem to put their own spin on what facts to omit. Friedman’s position, being positive regarding offshoring, shapes his argument in many ways.First, he fails to mention all the jobs lost in America due to outsourcing, yet he puts a positive spin on the subject by discussing how greatly it is helping India’s economy. Secondly, Friedman also mentions that the United States can simply fix the problem they are facing by working four times as hard towards education and research. According to â€Å"Outsourcing decision support: a survey of benefits, risks, and decision factors a neutral academic,† an academic article by Tibor Kremic, â€Å"The social costs of outsourcing may be difficult to quantify but they can be significant.Outsourcing may result in low morale, high absenteeism, lower productivity, etc. † Friedman leaves this fact out while Moberg seems to stress it. Meanwhile, Moberg, being anti-outsourci ng, fails to mention the great economic impact on India, and instead he focuses largely on the mass unemployment generated solely in America. Friedman also claims the resolution for the problem lies majorly on government legislation and should be fixed through new stricter laws.Whether pro or against the issue, it’s easy to see how a basic argument can be shaped using ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade the reader. By using these rhetorical tools one can appeal to any reader through a basic emotional response. Either emotion or logic can completely lose its appeal however without ethos by the writer. Both readers use pathos and logos well, but when it comes to ethos David Moberg takes the cake. Rhetoric along with using specific facts can be the difference when it comes to persuading the public in favor of a certain view one holds.

Cadency, Marshalling, Arms for Women

Cadency, Marshalling, Arms for Women While the use of distinguishing symbols have been adopted by the worlds tribes and nations stretching back into ancient history, heraldry as we now define it first became established in Europe following the Norman Conquest of Britain in 1066, rapidly gaining in popularity during the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century. More properly referred to as armory, heraldry is a system of identification that uses hereditary personal devices portrayed on shields and later as crests, on surcoats (worn over armor), bardings (armor and trappings for horses), and banners (personal flags used throughout the middle ages), to assist in the identification of knights in battle and in tournaments. These distinctive devices, marks, and colors, most commonly referred to as coats of arms for the display of arms on surcoats, were first adopted by the greater nobility. By the mid-13th century, however, coats of arms were also in extensive use by lesser nobility, knights, and those who later came to be known as gentlemen. Inheritance of Coats of Arms By custom during the middle ages, and later by law through granting authorities, an individual coat of arms belonged to one man only, being passed from him to his male-line descendants. There is, therefore, no such thing as a coat of arms for a surname. Basically, it is one man, one arm, a reminder of the origin of heraldry as a means of instant recognition in the thick of battle. Because of this descent of coats of arms through families, heraldry is very important to genealogists, providing evidence of family relationships. Of special significance: Cadency - The sons in each generation inherit the paternal shield, but alter it slightly in a tradition known as cadency with the addition of some mark which, in theory at least, is perpetuated in their branch of the family. The eldest son also follows this tradition but reverts back to the paternal coat of arms upon the death of his father.Marshaling - When families were merged through marriage it was common practice to also merge or combine their respective coat of arms. This practice, known as marshaling, is the art of arranging several coats of arms in one shield, for the purpose of denoting the alliances of a family. Several common methods include impaling, placing the arms of the husband and wife side by side on the shield; escutcheon of pretense, placing the arms of the wifes father on a small shield in the center of the husbands shield; and quartering, commonly used by children to display the arms of their parents, with the fathers arms in the first and fourth quarters, and t heir mothers in the second and third. ​Bearing of Arms by Women - Women have always been able to inherit arms from their fathers and to receive grants of coats of arms. They can only pass these inherited arms on to their children if they have no brothers, however - making them heraldic heiresses. Since a woman usually did not wear armor in the Middle Ages, it became a convention to display the coat of arms of her father in a lozenge (diamond) shaped field, rather than a shield, if widowed or unmarried. When married, a woman could bear the shield of her husband upon which her arms are marshaled. Granting of Coats of Arms Coats of arms are granted by the Kings of Arms in England and the six counties of Northern Ireland, the Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms in Scotland, and the Chief Herald of Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. The College of Arms holds the official register of all coats of arms or heraldry in England and Wales. Other countries, including the United States, Australia, and Sweden, also maintain records of or allow people to register coats of arms, though no official restrictions or laws are imposed on the bearing of arms. The traditional method of displaying a coat of arms is called an achievement of arms and consists of six basic parts: The Shield The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms is known as the shield. This comes from the fact that in medieval times the shield borne on the arm of a knight was ornamented with various devices in order to identify him to his friends in the midst of battle. Also known as a heater, the shield displays the unique colors and charges (lions, designs, etc. that appear on the shield) used to identify a particular individual or their descendants. Shield shapes may vary according to their geographical origin as well as the time period. The shape of the shield is not part of the official blazon. The Helm The helm or helmet is used to indicate the rank of the bearer of the arms from the gold full-faced helm of royalty to the steel helmet with closed visor of a gentleman. The Crest   By the end of the 13th century many nobles and knights had adopted a secondary hereditary device called a crest. Most commonly made of feathers, leather, or wood, the crest has traditionally been used to help distinguish the helm, similar to the device on the shield. The Mantle Originally intended to shield the knight from the heat of the sun and to ward off rain, the mantle is a piece of cloth placed over the helmet, draping down the back to the base of the helm. The fabric is typically two-sided, with one side being of a heraldic color (the principal colors are red, blue, green, black, or purple), and the other a heraldic metal (typically white or yellow). The color of the mantling in a coat of arms most often mirrors the main colors of the shield, although there are many exceptions. The mantle, contoise, or lambrequin is often embellished on the artistic, or paper, coat of arms to give prominence to the arms and crest, and is usually presented as ribbons over the helm. The Wreath The wreath is a twisted silken scarf used to cover the joint where the crest is attached to the helmet. Modern heraldry depicts the wreath as if two colored scarves had been braided together, the colors showing alternately. These colors are the same as the first named metal and the first named color in the blazon, and are known as the colors. The Motto Not officially granted with a coat of arms, mottos are a phrase which incorporates the basic philosophy of the family or an ancient war cry. They may or may not be present on an individual coat of arms, and are normally placed below the shield or occasionally above the crest.

nato essays

nato essays A global war or an intercontinental nuclear exchange is highly unlikely in the current world political climate. But as long as considerable nuclear weapons and long range delivery systems exist in other countries and a developing threat resides with potential adversaries, the possibility of an aerospace attack on North America cannot be discounted. Furthermore, the proliferation of cruise and ballistic missiles, and weapons of mass destruction, has made the post-Cold War world more, rather than less, dangerous. New generations of these weapons may be in the hands of governments or organizations which could threaten the North American continent, or American and Canadian military personnel deployed around the world. Control of North America's airspace is challenged by those who violate the air sovereignty of Canada and the United States. In addition, weapons proliferation coupled with an increasingly unstable world, increases the importance of effective aerospace warning. The greatest benefit the Canadian and US governments derive from NORAD is their ability to share the resources and costs needed for aerospace security. It would be militarily impractical, as well as inefficient, for each nation to unilaterally perform NORAD's missions and functions. In Canada's case, although aerospace control would be possible, the mission of air defense in depth would be difficult due to the country's large land mass and relatively small defense force. Further, Canada depends entirely on US systems to provide warning of ballistic missile attack, both at home and at overseas locations where deployed Canadian military personnel could be threatened. Although other US military organizations could assume many of NORAD's tasks in aerospace warning, the increased costs and operational difficulties would be compounded by the loss of efficiency that is obtained through cross-border cooperation. In addition, the US benefits from the ability to receive earl...

Learn German by Listening to German Golden Oldies

Learn German by Listening to German Golden Oldies Do you know who these people are? Roy Black, Lale Andersen, Freddy Quinn, Peter Alexander, Heintje, Peggy March, Udo Jà ¼rgens, Reinhard Mey, Nana Mouskouri, Rex Gildo, Heino, and Katja Ebstein. If those names sound familiar, you were probably in Germany during the 1960s (or early 70s). Each of those people had one or more hit songs in German during that era, and some of them are still musically active today! Its true that deutsche Schlager are not really â€Å"in† these days, especially the old, sentimental ones from the 60s and 70s sung by the people mentioned above and other German pop stars. But despite their lack of coolness and the distain of todays music generation in Germany, such German golden oldies are actually ideal for German-learners in many ways. First, they usually have simple, uncomplicated lyrics suited for beginners: â€Å"Memories of Heidelberg sind Memories of You / und von dieser schà ¶nen Zeit da trum ich immerzu. / Memories of Heidelberg sind Memories vom Glà ¼ck / doch die Zeit von Heidelberg, die kommt nie mehr zurà ¼ck† (Peggy March, an American from Pennsylvania, had several 60s hits in Germany). Even many of Reinhard Meys folk ballads are not that difficult to follow: â€Å"Komm, giess mein Glas noch einmal ein / Mit jenem billgen roten Wein, / In dem ist jene Zeit noch wach, / Heut trink ich meinen Freunden nach..† (CD album Aus meinem Tagebuch). German songs can be a very enjoyable way to learn German- both vocabulary and grammar. The title alone of another Peggy March song, â€Å"Male nicht den Teufel an die Wand!,† is also a German saying that means something like â€Å"dont tempt fate† (literally, â€Å"dont paint the devil on the wall†). â€Å"Seemann, deine Heimat ist das Meer† (â€Å"Sailor, your home is the sea†) was a big German hit by the Austrian singer Lolita in 1960. (Diese à ¶sterreichische Sngerin hiess eigentlich Ditta Zuza Einzinger.) Other top tunes in Germany that year were: â€Å"Unter fremden Sternen† (Freddy Quinn), â€Å"Ich zhle tglich meine Sorgen† (Peter Alexander), â€Å"Irgendwann gibts ein Wiedersehen† (Freddy Q.), â€Å"Ein Schiff wird kommen† (Lale Andersen), and â€Å"Wooden Heart† (Elvis Presleys version of â€Å"Muss i denn†). By 1967, American and British rock and pop was already edging German Schlager out, but besides Penny Lane (Beatles), Lets Spend the Night Together (Rolling Stones), and Good Vibrations (Beach Boys), you could still hear German hits on the radio (unlike today!). â€Å"Memories of Heidelberg† (Peggy March), â€Å"Meine Liebe zu dir† (Roy Black) and â€Å"Verbotene Trume† (Peter Alexander) are just a few oldies from 1967. But if you werent even around in the 1960s/70s or youve forgotten what those classic German oldies sound like, you can listen to them online! Several sites, including iTunes and Amazon.de, offer digital audio clips of these and other German songs. If you want the real thing, there are German â€Å"Hits of the...† and â€Å"Best of...† CD collections available from iTunes and other online sources, both in Europe and in North America. (I even found one online source in South Africa!) Popular German Singers of the '60s and '70s Roy Black Gerd Hà ¶llerich (1943-1991) DeutschlandLale Andersen Liselotte Helene Berta Bunnenberg (1913-1972)Freddy Quinn Manfred Nidl-Petz (1931- ) Ãâ€"sterreichPeter Alexander Peter Alexander Neumayer (1926- ) Ãâ€"sterreichHeintje Hein Simons (1955- ) NiederlandePeggy March Margaret Annemarie Batavio (1948- ) USAUdo Jà ¼rgens Udo Jà ¼rgen Bockelmann (1934- ) Ãâ€"sterreichRex Gildo Alexander Ludwig Hirtreiter (1936- ) DeutschlandJoy Fleming Erna Strube (1944- ) DeutschlandLolita Ditta Zuza Einzinger (1931- ) Ãâ€"sterreichHeino Heinz-Georg Kramm (1938- ) DeutschlandKatja Ebstein Karin Witkiewicz (1945- ) Polen Besides Peggy March, there were several other U.S.-born singers who either recorded exclusively in German or had several German-language hits in the 1960s or 70s. Even the Beatles recorded a few of their hits in German (Komm gib mir deine Hand and Sie liebt dich). Here are a few of the Amis, along with the names of some of their hit songs (most of them fairly forgettable): Amis in Deutschland Gus Backus  (Donald Edgar Backus) Der Mann im Mond, Da sprach der alte Huptling der Indianer, Die Prrie ist so groß, Schà ¶n ist ein Zylinderhut. Sauerkraut-PolkaConnie Francis  (Concetta Franconero) Eine Insel fà ¼r zwei, Die Liebe ist ein seltsames Spiel, Bacarole in der Nacht, Lass mich gehen, Schà ¶ner fremder Mann, Sternenmelodie, Jedes Boot hat einen HafenPeggy March  (Margaret Annemarie Batavio) Male nicht den Teufel an die Wand, Memories of HeidelbergBill Ramsey  Zuckerpuppe Schokoladeneisverkufer, Souvenirs, Pigalle, Ohne Krimi geht die Mimi nie ins Bett. Now lets move on to those  Evergreens  and the  Grand Prix  for music! â€Å"Grand Prix Eurovision† Since 1956 there has been an annual European popular song contest, broadcast all across Europe. In all that time the Germans have only won once: Nicole sang â€Å"Ein bisschen Frieden† (A Little Peace) in 1982 to win the number one spot that year. Germany won second place three times in the 1980s. In 2002, Corinna May from Germany placed a very disappointing 21st! (ARD - Grand Prix Eurovision) Evergreens The German word  Evergreen  has nothing to do with trees and everything to do with classic popular songs by people like Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett,  Marlene Dietrich, and  Hildegard Knef  (more about her below). An example is the  Botho Lucas Chor  (which had a sort of Ray Conniff choral sound). They recorded a few LPs by Capitol Records of classic  Evergreens  in German: In meinen Trumen (Out of my Dreams) and Du kamst als zauberhafter Frà ¼hling (All the Things You Are). Hildegard Knef  (1925-2002) has been called the German answer to Kim Novak and the thinking mans Marlene Dietrich. She wrote several books and had a career that included Broadway, Hollywood (briefly) and performing as a sultry, smoky-voiced singer. One of my Knef song favorites goes: â€Å"Eins und eins, das macht zwei / Drum kà ¼ss und denk nicht dabei / Denn denken schadet der Illusion...† (words by Knef, music by Charly Niessen). She also sings a great version of Macky-Messer (Mack the Knife). On her Große Erfolge CD, she also produces a wonderful version of Cole Porters I Get a Kick Out of You (Nichts haut mich um - aber du) and Lets Do It (Sei mal verliebt). See our  Hildegard Knef  page for more lyrics and information about her. German Instrumentalists In closing, we need to at least mention a couple of famous German instrumentalists. They almost always worked without words, but  Bert Kaempfert  and the  James Last Band  (real name: Hans Last) offered a sound that crossed the Atlantic and produced a few hits outside of Germany. Frank Sinatras huge hit Strangers in the Night was originally a German song composed by Bert Kaempfert.

A System Approach To Small Group Interaction Essay

A System Approach To Small Group Interaction - Essay Example It is essential for group members to communicate openly and freely with all the other group members. Once that in place the group will be able to develop norms about matters to be discussed and members will be in a position to develop rules which will intern affect the group interaction. There must be a common goal or purpose being pursued, and they must work together to achieve that goal. This is because; the goal will bring the group together and will hold it through tensions and conflict moments (Stewart, 162). Sharing of ideas is very important since one is able to learn new things and expound on his or her knowledge as well as making appropriate decisions that are wisely discussed for the benefit of the organization. Communication is a very complex ongoing process that brings people into contact globally. Often, it is perceived as a straight forward exchange of massages between the speaker and the listener, i.e. the most important channel of passing information. There are various types of communication and social factors that influence the entire process. Some of them are: Intentional and unintentional, verbal and nonverbal, defensive and supportive among others (Stewart, 164). Most people would prefer to receive information that is cognitive with their personal indulgent as opposed to cognitive dissonance which is totally inconsistent to one’s understanding of the ideas. Groups can either be big or small depending on the task bestowed on it as well as the nature of the organization that formed such a group. For any group to be more productive and achieve its objective, it is very important that all members work jointly, rather than being independent (Stewart, 168). Despite having different backgrounds, personalities, values, thoughts, and knowledge, it is better for everyone to make sure that he or she makes a significant contribution to the group. A well-structured group aimed at achieving its goal should be able to allow its members to voice their opinions and mind without undermining or criticizing their opinions.  

Adolescents Motivation Toward the Environment Assignment

Adolescents Motivation Toward the Environment - Assignment Example Adolescents face lesser control over environment behaviors than academic behaviors. The present study postulates three hypotheses: first, increased environmental motivation clubbed with frequent environmental attitudes, second, it is greater in an environment than academic, third, it is more in older than younger students. All these studies were tested considering gender; however, the study has not examined gender differences in older students’ motivation toward the environment. In this research, a total of 200 students split into 5 age groups were chosen for the study. Out of these 200, a section of 74 has already participated in a similar study a year ago. The study found that adolescents reported a higher autonomy in their environment than academic behaviors and autonomous environmental motivation was higher in older than younger students. The study has certain limitations as all the samples were from a suburban, French-speaking middle-class white student. The sample was in very small scale to be precisely it is only 126 students. The findings say that the youth have better environmental behavior but increasing alienation from school. The research paper clearly states that there is a need to study whether the adolescents are motivated to adopt environmental behaviors and says that self-determination theory (SDT) put forward the fact that people engaged in environmental related behaviors have developed autonomous motivation towards those behaviors. The present study poses three hypotheses like increased environmental motivation correlates with frequent environmental behaviors, it is greater in environmental than education and autonomous environmental is higher in adolescents than in younger students. Though these hypotheses were tested considering the gender, no study was conducted on gender differences in adolescents motivation through the environment. Earlier researches in this field have been mentioned, but not included in the study

Business Ethics of Tiger Automotive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Ethics of Tiger Automotive - Essay Example The present study would focus on Tiger Automotive that has an original product that has the advantage of having the patent for a fuel-efficient device, and at the same time, the product is beneficial to the consumer as it increase the average car’s mileage by about 45%. More importantly, the patent right protects the company’s product from direct competition hence a complete monopoly in the market which means the company is a price giver. This has resulted in the product being priced at  £45 even though the total cost is  £1. The ethical dilemma is based on overpricing product. However, a manager is faced with the dilemma of maintaining the moral standard of adopting actions that would be preferable to the self-interest of the company of maximizing profits without considering the interest of the public especially the consumers. This dilemma is supported by the fact that the organisation is responsible for its corporate acts that emanates from choices and actions of human individuals, who are the primary bearers of moral duties and responsibility of the organisation and its act. This is an objective that is supported by Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’, which supports this as an ethical way of achieve the best self interest of the stakeholders. At the same time, Tiger Automotives has the economic responsibility of generating the greatest profits for the company and benefits for society depending on the Pareto optimality whereby the markets are fully competitive, all customers are fully informed and all external and internal costs are fully included. In the same light, Tiger Automotives has the legal requirement of taking the action that fully complies with the law. This is because the law in a democratic society represents the minimal moral standards of all the people within that society, provided it can be shown that the self-interests of the various groups including individuals, groups and organisations have been included in the formulation process. Using the requirements and responsibilities explained above, this scenario creates an ethical dilemma for the manager. Ethics as defined by Velasquez (2001) can be perceived to be the study of morality and moral standards. The moral standard that the manager is faced with is adopting actions that would be preferable to the self-interest of the company of maximizing profits without considering the interest of the public especially the consumers. By putting their interest in front of the interest of the stakeholders, it is perfect to state that the manager has a moral dilemma due to the fact that the organisation is responsible for its corporate acts that emanates from choices and actions of human individuals, who are the primary bearers of moral duties and responsibility of the organisation and its act. In any organisation, its business ethics practices should be geared towards advancing moral standards as they apply to business policies, institutions, and be havior. According to Velasquez (2001), business ethics need to include analysis of moral norms and values. As a result, its implementation should be in its practice especially in systemic and corporate issues that are ethical and are concerned with individual, society and organisations. The manager, while acting as an agent of the organisatio

Response for Leon Bonstein Let Teen-agers try adulthood, Paul Raeburn Essay

Response for Leon Bonstein Let Teen-agers try adulthood, Paul Raeburn Too immature for thye deatyh penalty - Essay Example Botstein argues that the social structure in high school is a hierarchical structure that is characterized by age, athletic prowess and attractiveness. The social structure in high school is different from any other community that students come across once they finish high school. The American high school education system is also regarded as obsolete. Botstein stipulates that when high school education system was being designed, students did not mature at the pace that they do today. Students used to mature at a slow pace. For example, Botstein stipulates that the age of menstruation has gone down approximately two years since the 21st century began. In this perspective, Botstein says that children should be allowed to begin school at an early age. The recommended age to begin elementary school today is 4 or 5 years. Botstein also stipulates that the junior high school stage or middle school should be scrapped off. This would allow a student to graduate from high school at age 16 and not 18 years. At this age, most students can be able handle real life situations without encountering significant difficulties. They are also adequately prepared to head off to college. Moreover, the article entitled â€Å"Too Young for Death Penalty† by Paul Raeburn describes a situation whereby Christopher Simons, 17 and Charles Benjamin, 15 led to the death of Ann Crook, 46, when they tied her with a tape and pushed her into a river. The two young adolescents confessed to committing the murder which earned them $6. Benjamin was sentenced to life imprisonment while Simmons was given a death penalty. The death penalty in this case attracted the attention of psychiatrists, psychologists, and other health groups. They argued that juveniles should not be executed since their brains are still in development. This means that juveniles should not be held entirely responsible for activities that they engage in (Raeburn). This is because the activities that adolescents

The Past Present and Future of Veterans Health Care Research Paper

The Past Present and Future of Veterans Health Care - Research Paper Example While the benefit is one not enjoyed by all Americans, the veterans' health care system has had its difficulties in providing good health care for those afforded the privilege. In the past there has been many issues with the cleanliness and availability of the services that had been promised. In addition, the issue of veterans' of heath care benefits is often up for both media and political review, threatening the whole system. However, there is evidence to show that the VA health care system is the finest in the United States and with better funding should serve as an example of how government run health care can save an inadequate health care system through privatizing. The biggest problem within the VA is that it is under funded. In a world where volunteering for service is not top on the career moves of most young men and where the draft is no longer being used, maintaining a health care system for those who have dutifully served and may need continuing care afterward is the one of the few ways in which men and women of the service are given proper acknowledgement for the gift that they given to their country. Overview The need for a better health care system for all citizens points to the need for a more approachable system of health care for those in military service. The health care that is provided for veterans' is defined by an as needed basis, but in remembering the nature of illness, one must remember that to wait to get service is to continue to suffer without care. Many appointments are not available for as long as a year, in which the medical issue can be expanded and then require more care than was originally needed had the patient been able to receive care at an earlier time (Gayton & Borden, 2008, p. 7). One advantage to the system is that it is also based on income so that those who have the complication of low income with medical needs can be seen sooner than those with resources from outside of the VA. History Throughout the history of the U nited States, medical benefits have been supported by the government for those who have fought in the service of the country. After the American Revolution, hospitals were erected by the government to treat soldiers in need of care after fighting for the right to be a country. In 1930, the government formalized veterans' benefits so that law could govern the care of soldiers. The unfortunate history of VA health care benefits is defined by a shortage of resources in which to service all of those who are in need. In 1930 there were 45 veterans' hospitals with 54 regional offices, but by 1948, after the end of World War II there were 125 hospitals with 102,200 beds, but there were still 20,700 soldiers in need of admission, but without the beds to service them (Gayton & Borden, 2008, p. 7). Background Current eligibility for veterans' health care benefits are based upon the: serving in military, navel or air service and being honorably discharged or having been a reservist who was cal led to active duty and completed the full call-up period. If not, one of the following might be true: the soldier was discharged or separated for medical reasons, the soldier served in combat operations within the last five years, the soldier had a non-pre-existing disability, the soldier was a prisoner of war, received a purple heart, was previously eligible for VA benefits, or receives state Medicaid benefits. After these qualifications are investigated other criteria might be used to situationally determine whether or not benefits are applicable (United States Department of Veteran Affairs, 2011).1 The highest priority for eligibility are those who have

Trial court brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trial court brief - Essay Example This memorandum is submitted in opposition to that motion. QUESTION PRESENTED Under the Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act can a negligence claim be stated when a lessor who is self-insured fails to carry insurance. STATEMENT OF THE CASE Sage Rent-A-Car Inc. leased a vehicle to Jeffery Calvin. Mr. Calvin failed to stop at a stop sign and collided with Jane White. Sage did not bear insurance. Ms. White filed a negligent complaint against Sage Rent-A-Car Inc. for the negligent use of the lessor’s vehicle by the lessee. Sage filed a motion to dismiss the complaint under Rule 1-012B (6) for failure to state claim. ARGUMENT MS. WHITE’S ARGUMENT THAT SAGE HAS DUTY TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCIDENT IS A SET OF FACTS WHICH, IF PROVEN, WOULD ESTABLISH THE DEFENDANTS DUTY TO CARRY LICENSE AND, THEREFORE, A CLAIM CAN BE STATED AS TO DUTY. This matter is before the court on a Rule 1-012B (6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. In the case Las Lumarias of the N.M. Council v. Isengard, 92 N.M. 297, 300-301 (1978), the New Mexico District Court established the standard for the granting of a 1-012B (6) motion. The court stated, â€Å"A motion to dismiss a complaint is properly granted only when it appears that the plaintiff cannot recover or be entitled to relief under any state of facts provable under the claim†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sage Rent-A-Car’s motion specifically alleges that a claim cannot be stated in this case with regard to duty. To survive this motion, Ms. White must demonstrate that there is a provable set of facts that would establish the duty of Sage Rent-A-Car Inc. to carry license in this case. The Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act establishes the prevention of a motor owner from permitting the operation of an uninsured motor vehicle. Section 66-5-205 sets out the duty of Sage Rent-A-Car Inc. It provides, â€Å"No owner shall permit the operation of an uninsured motor vehicle, or a motor vehicle for which evidence o f financial responsibility as was affirmed to the department is not currently valid, upon the streets or highways of New Mexico unless the vehicle is specifically exempted from the provisions of the Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Section 66-5-218 sets out the procedure for acquiring evidence of financial responsibility: Evidence of financial responsibility, when required under the Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act, may be given by filing: A. evidence of a motor vehicle insurance policy; B. a surety bond as provided in Section 66-5-225 NMSA 1978; or C. A certificate of deposit of money as provided in Section 66-5-226 NMSA 1978. Section 66-5-207 provides for exempted motor vehicles. It provides, â€Å"The following motor vehicles are exempt from the Mandatory Financial Responsibility Act; D. A motor vehicle approved as self-insured by the superintendent of insurance pursuant to Section 66-5-207, 1 NMSA 1978:†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Act provides for the conditions under which an owner may permit an uninsured vehicle to operate. It specifies for the exceptions to this rule, and this includes motor vehicles approved as self-insured by the superintendent of insurance. Ms. White’s complaint states that Sage is required to carry a license under the provisions of

The Past Present and Future of Veterans Health Care Research Paper

The Past Present and Future of Veterans Health Care - Research Paper Example While the benefit is one not enjoyed by all Americans, the veterans' health care system has had its difficulties in providing good health care for those afforded the privilege. In the past there has been many issues with the cleanliness and availability of the services that had been promised. In addition, the issue of veterans' of heath care benefits is often up for both media and political review, threatening the whole system. However, there is evidence to show that the VA health care system is the finest in the United States and with better funding should serve as an example of how government run health care can save an inadequate health care system through privatizing. The biggest problem within the VA is that it is under funded. In a world where volunteering for service is not top on the career moves of most young men and where the draft is no longer being used, maintaining a health care system for those who have dutifully served and may need continuing care afterward is the one of the few ways in which men and women of the service are given proper acknowledgement for the gift that they given to their country. Overview The need for a better health care system for all citizens points to the need for a more approachable system of health care for those in military service. The health care that is provided for veterans' is defined by an as needed basis, but in remembering the nature of illness, one must remember that to wait to get service is to continue to suffer without care. Many appointments are not available for as long as a year, in which the medical issue can be expanded and then require more care than was originally needed had the patient been able to receive care at an earlier time (Gayton & Borden, 2008, p. 7). One advantage to the system is that it is also based on income so that those who have the complication of low income with medical needs can be seen sooner than those with resources from outside of the VA. History Throughout the history of the U nited States, medical benefits have been supported by the government for those who have fought in the service of the country. After the American Revolution, hospitals were erected by the government to treat soldiers in need of care after fighting for the right to be a country. In 1930, the government formalized veterans' benefits so that law could govern the care of soldiers. The unfortunate history of VA health care benefits is defined by a shortage of resources in which to service all of those who are in need. In 1930 there were 45 veterans' hospitals with 54 regional offices, but by 1948, after the end of World War II there were 125 hospitals with 102,200 beds, but there were still 20,700 soldiers in need of admission, but without the beds to service them (Gayton & Borden, 2008, p. 7). Background Current eligibility for veterans' health care benefits are based upon the: serving in military, navel or air service and being honorably discharged or having been a reservist who was cal led to active duty and completed the full call-up period. If not, one of the following might be true: the soldier was discharged or separated for medical reasons, the soldier served in combat operations within the last five years, the soldier had a non-pre-existing disability, the soldier was a prisoner of war, received a purple heart, was previously eligible for VA benefits, or receives state Medicaid benefits. After these qualifications are investigated other criteria might be used to situationally determine whether or not benefits are applicable (United States Department of Veteran Affairs, 2011).1 The highest priority for eligibility are those who have

Critical Analysis of Chinas Economy Research Paper

Critical Analysis of Chinas Economy - Research Paper Example During the industrialization era, China dominated its lead in global technological discoveries. It is believed that China made its breakthrough in economic growth during the Song Dynasty. During this rule, China made gross investments in technologies, witnessed highest rates of urbanization as well producing large amounts of highly demanded iron. As a result, China acquired the global superpower rank in economic growth. However, the reign did not last very long after Western Europe emerged with bigger economic growths between 1500 and 1800. It is believed that China fall could be related to the tyranny of Ming (1368 –1644). In addition, trade and innovation received minimum focus during the dynasty of Qing (1644 –1911) (Chow and Kui-Wai 156).Significant growth in efficiency and productivity, physical capital, and labor contributed to economic growth prior to the year 1978 in China. Essentially, aggregate factor productivity reduced within the same period. Research indic ates that the decrease registered scale of 1.07 percent. In addition, additional years of schooling in China resulted in increased growth in the annual human capital which reached 1.55 percent. As a result, the total factor productivity registered a partial decrease. In the later years, the actual input versus capital ratio maintained a constant figure. Therefore the roles of total factor productivity were inverted with those of accumulation of capital. Contrastingly, the growth rate in human capital registered a decrease.

Texas State Tort Claims Act Essay Example for Free

Texas State Tort Claims Act Essay This paper seeks to analyze and discuss State of Texas tort claim act and how it applies to local justice and security agencies. Local justice may be deemed to include any case that may be brought against the State of Texas, its agencies and its officials in their official capacities that could make them liable in the performance of their functions. On the other hand the security agencies may be treated as any other ordinary claimant for damages under the Tort Act since the law does specifically provide special exemption as to their treatment.    The waiver in the law talks about the State of Texas its agencies and its officials in their official capacities and providing for how the state could be liable to any claimant there are no special consideration as far as security agencies are concerned.  Ã‚   The rest of the paper will discuss more in detail about the scope and limitations of the Act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a general rule, a state is immune from suit hence the so called sovereign immunity, unless there is waiver. The Texas Tort Claims Act is therefore basically a passed legislative act as a waiver of the State of Texas, its agencies and its officials in their official capacities from lawsuits for damages. They can now be sued in court and these entities mentioned may now be made liable provided the conditions before they could be liable as provided in the act are complied with. There are also exceptions to the waiver as provided in court decisions (Driskill v. State, 787 S.W.2d 369, 370 (Tex. 1990)).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the Texas Tort Claims Act in greater detail?     Ã‚  Ã‚  The Texas Tort Claims Act comprises a set of statutes for determining the liability of   governmental entity for   tortious conduct under law of the State of Texas. It may be noted that sovereign immunity is about non-suability of as a state under all conditions since the state may not be burdened with defending itself every time and then. However for consideration of either justice or equity, the state can make a waiver through legislation. It is therefore logical to agree that prior to the adoption of the Texas Tort Claims Act, individuals and entities in Texas including security agencies could are banned or prohibited from recovering damages from state or local governmental units for injuries as a result of negligent actions of a government employee or officer in the performance of a governmental function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The state is justified in giving governmental units the sovereign immunity it deserves for the protection of the state from governmental time and resources which could be subjected to unnecessary diminishment from private litigation and persuade people and entities to bring many actions against public officials to the detriment of their functioning effectively. The rule is also believed to be a protection of the government from sham or false suits that otherwise may possibly go to the pockets of corrupts public officials or it could further drain government resources that are better used to promote public service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Texas Legislature however in the exercise of its plenary law-making function evaluated the situation and ended up enacting the Texas Tort Claims Act in 1969.   The Tort Act specifically waived only sovereign immunity for a governmental entity while engaged in a governmental function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Under the new law, a governmental unit in the state of Texas is now made liable for:   (1) property damage, personal injury, and death proximately caused by the wrongful act or omission or the negligence of an employee acting within his scope of employment.   This provision is however subject to further conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One condition is that the State of Texas in only liable if the property damage, personal injury, or death arises from the operation or use of a motor-driven vehicle or motor-driven equipment.   As for the personal liability to the person killed it would be the negligent employee who would be personally liable to the claimant according to Texas law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The said part of the Tort Act should be further qualified by   Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.021 which provided that personal injury and death so caused by a condition or use of tangible personal or real property if the governmental unit would, were it a private person, be liable to the claimant according to Texas law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there liability limits for governmental units under the   Tort Act?  Ã‚   The answer to the question is in the affirmative since it is provided that that liability of a municipality under the Act is limited to maximum amount of $250,000 for each person in the form money damages in case the victim is more than one but the amount should not exceed $500,000 for each single occurrence in the case of bodily injury or death. As for single occurrence for injury to or destruction of property, the amount of damage that State of Texas could be liable is $100,000 for each (Texas Tort Claims Act, 1969).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Does the Act amend liabilities for the performance of proprietary functions? The answer to the question is in the negative as the Tort Act does not limit the liability of a city or agency of Texas for damages that result from the city or agency’s performance of proprietary functions. Since the new law in made to address performance of official governmental functions, it may be safe to state that prior to the passage of the Act, a city or agency in Texas could already be held liable for the negligent performance of these proprietary functions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As distinguished from governmental functions, Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.0215 (b) provides that proprietary functions are those functions that a municipality involve the exercise of discretion which is performed in the interest of the inhabitants of the municipality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Under Texas law, 36 thirty six activities that are considered governmental functions, hence activities not mentioned in the law under Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.0215   should be considered proprietary functions and therefore not covered by the Tort Act of 1969. In other words, there is no need for waiver for liability under proprietary acts since with or without the tort law the State of Texas could made liable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To understand these proprietary acts, there is need to enumerate some and these include the operation of amusements that are owned and operated by the municipality and the operation and maintenance of a public utility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For purposes of classifying whether an act is proprietary or not, the same may be considered propriety absent any evidence that it is part of the 36 enumerated governmental functions which are presumed exclusive. This carries a necessary implication for the purposes of implementing the Tort Act, any activity that the state or its agencies engages in ,when not part of the listed of governmental function, must be deemed proprietary in nature and the state, its agencies cannot invoke the immunity and this could mean unlimited amount of damages that the court may award.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the Act is a waiver of state immunity, hence implying immunity for those not waived. Hence it could be asked whether it grants implied immunity for individual public officials.   As illustrated earlier the employees was made liable for the personal injury not the property damage, hence the answer to the question is in the negative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Act is clear that it applies only to immunity for the governmental entity itself or the state of Texas and its agencies. Issues of exemption public official from liability are not necessarily part of the state immunity but should be treated as issues under the concept of official immunity. To know the same there is need to   note how Texas courts   applied and adopted a doctrine of limited official immunity, where the courts may declare a public officer or employee not liable from personal liability for acts within the scope of the officer’s or employee’s governmental authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It must be made clear however that under present Texas case law, there is   either absolute immunity or qualified immunity (Olowofoyeku,1993; Rosenwein, 1999) to a public servant. This will depend upon the type of authority enjoyed by that individual. To illustrate, there is no question that judges are generally entitled to the defense of absolute or complete immunity in the exercise of judicial functions (Turner v. Pruitt, 342 S.W.2d 422, Tex. 1961). This is however limited as far as negligent acts are concerned. Moreover it must be made clear the judicial function of judges is always governmental and never proprietary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having said this, it would mean that a great number of Texas public servants may only enjoy   defense of qualified immunity from liability, where the liability for discretionary actions could be appreciated if the officials acted in good faith within the scope of the officer’s or employee’s authority.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As to what constitutes an action to be in good faith is a question of fact while a discretionary action requires latitude of exercising judgment. Necessarily therefore, qualified immunity for ministerial or   mandatory actions should not be available since the public official is just complying with an order and therefore there is absence of choice (Worsham v. Votgsberger, 129 S.W. 157, Civ.App. 1919, no writ).The duties of jailers and sheriffs in their receipt and care for prisoners are typically considered or held to be ministerial, hence the same people could not just invoke qualified immunity as defense when they are charged in court to be negligent in their function.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It may be concluded that the State of Texas Tort Claim Act applies to local justice and security agencies the same with any other legal claimants in so far as the Tort Act allows the   State of Texas, its agencies and its officials in their official capacities to be liable since the law takes the nature of waiver from the general rule that the sovereign state is immune from suit.   A principle in law nicely puts it Where the law does not expressly exclude, the same must have been included. References: Driskill v. State, 787 S.W.2d 369, 370 (Tex. 1990) Olowofoyeku A. (1993) Suing Judges: A Study of Judicial Immunity; Clarendon Press, Rosenwein, B. (1999) Negotiating Space: Power, Restraint, and Privileges of Immunity in Early Medieval Europe   ; Cornell University Press Worsham v. Votgsberger, 129 S.W. 157 (Civ.App. 1919, no writ) Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.021. Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code  § 101.0215 (b) The Texas Tort Claims Act of 1969 Turner v. Pruitt, 342 S.W.2d 422 (Tex. 1961).

Julius Ceaser - The Importance Of Brutus :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar Throughout Julius Caesar, Brutus's actions have very extensive ramifications, I wish to review his actions, and the motivating factors behind those actions. I intend to prove that Brutus had a strong and well grounded personae. He had good intentions; however, he made one fatal mistake and that was his downfall. He had many positive qualities. I wish to bring these to the light and delve into how they affected the plot. Brutus is a very sincere man. He truly believes that his role in Cassius's assassination plot is for the good of Rome and her citizens. This becomes very apparent when he says, "But for the general. He would be crown’d: How that might change his nature, there’s the question." (Act 2, Scene 1, Lines 12-14) This truly innocent way of thinking allows him to be persuaded by Cassius to go against Caesar. He is also an honest man. He refuses to take a bribe in lines 75-78 of Act 4, Scene 3. "By any indirection: I did send to you for gold to pay my legions, which you denied me: was that done like Cassius?" This is an honesty that gained him the respect of the people. Brutus was a naive man as well. Sincerity is often misconstrued as being naive; however, I will treat each as a separate characteristic. Brutus's naive spirit is mostly shown not in one single action, but in the overall willingness he has to believe that those around him are essentially good. "Only be patient till we have appeased the multitude, beside themselves with fear, and then we will deliver you the cause why I, that did love Caesar when I struck him, have thus proceeded." (Act 3, Scene 1, Lines 179-183); And also when he said: "So fare you well at once; for Brutus’ tongue hath almost ended his life’s history: night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest." (Act 5, Scene 5, Lines 38-42) Brutus was also of noble birth. This isn't really a character trait, but it is one reason why he may have been in such a high ranking political position. "I will with patience hear, and find a time both meet to hear and answer such high things. Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this: Brutus had rather be a villager than to repute himself a son of Rome. (Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 169-173) Brutus is also a philosophical thinker.

Skepticism and the Philosophy of Language in Early Modern Thought Essay

Skepticism and the Philosophy of Language in Early Modern Thought ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the importance of skeptical arguments for the philosophy of language in early modern thought. It contrasts the rationalist conception of language and knowledge with that of philosophers who adopt some sort of skeptical position, maintaining that these philosophers end up by giving language a greater importance than rationalists. The criticism of the rationalists' appeal to natural light is examined, as well as skeptical arguments limiting knowledge such as the so-called 'maker's knowledge' argument. This argument is then seen as capital for favoring a positive interpretation of the importance of language for knowledge. The revival of ancient skepticism in early XVIth century has been considered one of the major forces in the development of modern thought, especially as regards the discussion about the nature of knowledge and the sciences. Richard Popkin in his History of Skepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza (1979) has shown that skeptical arguments were influential in the attack against traditional scholastic conceptions of science, opening the way to the development of the new scientific method. The dispute between those who embraced skepticism and those who tried to refute or surpass it was central to the philosophical scene well into the XVIIIth century. However, the importance of the discussion of the nature and role of language in this process and its relation to skeptical arguments has scarcely been examined. My objective in this paper is to extend Popkin's analysis of the role of skepticism in the formation of modern thought to the consideration, in general lines, of some of the main features of early modern theories a... ...ld,A. et Nicole, P (1981). Logique, ou l'Art de Penser, Paris, Vrin. Descartes,R., (1996) RÃ ¨gles pour la direction de l'esprit, Principes de la Philosophie, in Ouevres, Paris,Vrin,. Kant,I. (1952) Critique of pure reason, Great Books of the Western World, Chicago, Encyclopedia Britannica. Jolley,N. (1988) The light of the soul, Oxford, Clarendon Press. Lennon, T. (1993) The battle of gods and giants, Princeton Univ.Press. Montaigne,M. (1952) Essais, Great Books of the Western World, Chicago, Encyclopedia Britannica. Perez-Ramos,A. (1988) Francis Bacon's idea of science and the maker's knowledge tradition, Oxford Univ.Press. Popkin,R. (1979) The history of scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza, Berkeley & Los Angeles, Univ.of California Press. Zagorin, Perez (1984) "Vico's Theory of Knowledge: A Critique," Philosophical Quarterly, vol.34, no.134.

Environment Pollution Essay

As you know, China is well known on its 5000 years history, and it’s also famous for producing poisonous food and the worst environment pollution. Living in a developing country, Chinese develop industry and handicraft industry, and making money as much as they can. Compare with environment pollution, Chinese business man more care about how much money they could make per day. There are millions of factories in China mainland. And thousands of factories are being built right now. Before factories were built, owner or designer usually choose the factory location which nearby the river or lake. Locals usually drink and take water from the river or lake. Some rivers even provide water to several cities. Usually, an industry factory could produce poisonous waste water 350 m? /h and exhaust gas or smog 14000m? /h. But each factory could treat poisonous waste water 30m? /h. that means over 300m? /h poisonous waste water cannot be treated and be discharged into river or lake. In each factory, the equipment for exhaust treatment is required, but the most factories discharge exhaust treatment into air without treatment. Industry community usually is the high incidence area of cancer and oaf. Animals which are living nearby or living in the rivers and lakes, are bigger or with strange appearance. Farmers who are local, usually take water from river or lack for irrigation and raising livestock. Locals get disease on drinking poisonous water, eating poisonous food, and breathing in seriously polluted area. In China, living healthier become people’s dream and hope. Everybody hopes long live and having a healthy life. Over 70% Chinese are not covered by health insurance, and medical bill is going higher and higher, over 85% locals cannot handle it. People usually stay at home and wait for death when they get disease. Living in polluted area make people more worry about their descendants. People start to move to foreign country for a better environment. Let descendants have a chance to live in a healthier living environment also become their goal.

A visit to the art institute of chicago museum

On South Michigan Avenue, stands the Art Institute of Chicago Museum. One of the first things that I noticed and one problem that I encountered is that The Art Institute of Chicago does not have its own parking lot. Good thing there are public garages nearby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Art Institute has an â€Å"H† shape, if one will imagine from a bird’s-eye-view.   It is a three-storey building housing work spaces, study rooms, auditoriums and enclosed galleries. But what will truly stand out are its vast collections of paintings, sculptures, photographs, videos, textiles, and architectural drawings. (The Art Institute of Chicago 2005). I was simply impressed with the exhibits. I marveled at the extensive and interesting collections there. As evident on the other people’s reactions, I think they felt the same way. Different reactions and moods were elicited from each of the art pieces. The exhibit about the Icons of Divinity from South and Southeast Asia caught my interest. This focused mainly on the art of the Hindus and Buddhists. The images display complex ideas about divinity. And it is always appealing to learn about the art of other cultures. Another is the exhibit featuring the different treatments in the works of Harry Callahan, a photographer. (The Art Institute of Chicago 2005). The ‘Portrait of Cardinal Zelada’ by Anton Raffael, for me, presents the subject as someone dignified and regal. Emphasis is given on the position of the subject, sitting upright. The eyes and the small smile forming on the subject’s lips may also signify the graciousness of the subject. The artist may be portraying the righteousness and the nobility of the cardinal. I would also probably choose Anton Raffael to do my portrait. I would like my natural traits to be showed in the portrait, with more emphasis on the good characteristics. ‘Day of the Gods’ by Paul Gauguin and ‘Charity’ by Francesco de Mura both depict female nudes. Gauguin’s work has more eroticism in it than that of de Mura’s. That is because ‘Day of the Gods’ puts more emphasis on the physical beauty of the female, a Tahitian female in particular, than the other work. De Mura’s ‘Charity’, on the other hand, seems to dwell on motherhood and motherly love, thus, less erotic. I think the impact of eroticism is that it makes the visuals more attractive. Most people admire the physical beauty of the woman. Depicting and emphasizing that in the painting will draw more people into looking and appreciating the work of art. And lastly is the seascape, ‘The Beach at Sainte-Adresse’ by Claude Monet. The painting seems to express melancholy. Elements that point to such are the muted colors, the couple seated on the beach watching a regatta sail away, the coarse texture of the sand and the density and grayness of the sky. (The Art Institute of Chicago 2005) Even if only one of these parts is to be deleted, the message of the painting is not as full anymore. For instance, if the colors of the sky are changed into brighter hues, the painting won’t be so gloomy anymore. Or if the silhouettes of the sailboats are rubbed out of the painting, it won’t seem as though many people are sailing away. This just proves that all the elements in a painting contribute to the desired effect that an artist wants to show. Work Cited: 2005. The Art Institute of Chicago. http://www.artic.edu (accessed August 1,2006).      

Personal Hygiene And Beauty Products Essay

These products can be used at home or in a salon or spa. Personal Hygiene includes the following. Washing the body using bubble bath, shower gel etc Washing the hair using shampoo Cleaning of nails and hands with hand wash Washing the face using facial washes and scrubs Oral hygiene, taking care of the teeth and gums, and treating or preventing bad breath including daily brushing (with toothpaste) and flossing the teeth, to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. This also helps to treat and prevent bad breath cosmetic care of the body, such as shaving and other forms of depilation. Shampoo Shampoo is a common hair care product used for the removal of oils and sebum, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants, build up of hair product and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. There are dozens of different brands to choose from when choosing a shampoo, and even more types within those brands. The same goes for conditioners. Conditioners are meant to add shine, protect hair from drying out and allow for easier combing. Popular Brands of Shampoo Pantene Pro-V Aussie Elvive Herbal Essences TRESemme Dove Head and Shoulders Garnier Fructis Types of Shampoo There are many shampoo types when considering specific hair types, these each have different active ingredients. Curly/wavy – Example – Curly Treatment shampoo by curly hair solutions This shampoo is a concentrate of panthenol and magnesium that strengthens the hair’s elasticity (the ability for the hair to stretch without breaking). Silk amino acids were added to soften and repair even the roughest hair cuticle. Treatment Shampoo will deposit generous amounts of ingredients that are essential in rebuilding chemically damaged hair. Its effects are lasting and with continuous use will ensure healthy strong and fuller hair. Treatment Shampoo will dramatically prolong the results of colouring, perming and relaxing hair. Coloured – Example – Davines Alchemic Shampoo for Coloured hair Main Active Ingredients: Mild surfactants: Gently and carefully cleanse both hair and hair colour. Hydrolyzed milk protein: For an intense conditioning and protective action. Provitamin B5: For a deep moisturising effect Olive oil peg-7 esters: Derived from olive oil, restores the natural hydro-lipid balance, leaving hair that is healthy and protected. pH 5. 3 Frizz prone/ rebellious – Example – Davines Love Smoothing Shampoo This shampoo is specially formulated to nourish, smooth and soften harsh, frizzy hair. It delicately cleanses hair with a special blend of natural active ingredients containing intensive moisturizing and smoothing properties that respect the hair’s internal structure making it more manageable and easier to comb. It is infused with Indian Fig Extract to soften and smooth, and Olive Oil Peg 7 Ester to recover the moisture-lipid level which is essential for dry, frizzy strands. This essential moisture is vital for reducing the hair’s aging process that results from dehydration. Added Rice Proteins keep hair protected from environmental elements while eliminating static. Fine/flat – Example – PhytoVolume Shampoo Phytovolume is a volumizer shampoo for fine, limp, lifeless hair. Crustacean shell extract increase the moisture level in the hair shaft to make it swell for a fuller appearance. So tetrasodium EDTA is used to sequester the calcium and magnesium from the detergent, while keeping them soluble, so they rinse away without scum. Cocamide DEA (or MEA or TEA) is used as a foaming agent, to make the lather. The other surfactants will generate a certain amount of suds, but this foaming agent is added to get the amount just right. Besides its foam stabilizing effects, it is also a viscosity booster (it’s thick). Another foam stabilizing detergent is PEG-5 cocamide, which is a foam stabilizer, surfactant, and emulsifier. The detergent cocamidopropyl betaine is added for several of its special properties. It is milder on the skin than the benzine sulfonates, so adding it to the mix reduces the amount of the harsher detergents needed. It is thicker than the other ingredients, so it can be added to make the mix have the right viscosity. It has anti-static properties, so the hair doesn’t generate an electric charge and jump to the plastic combs and brushes used when drying the hair. It is a humectant, attracting moisture from the air, thus keeping hair from drying out. Lastly, it has antibiotic properties that can prevent spoiling of the shampoo. The surfactant ammonium xylenesulfonate is a hydrotrope, a compound that makes it easier for water to dissolve other molecules. It is added as a thickener, and to help keep some of the odd ingredients added for marketing effect in solution, including perfumes. Glycerol stearate is another emulsifier used for this purpose. Special effects The wax glycol distearate is added to make shampoos opaque and pearlescent. It has tiny flakes that mix well with surfactants, and stay in solution. They also add shear-thinning qualities, making liquid hand soaps pump out of the bottle easier. Sodium chloride (table salt) is used to thicken the mixture if the main surfactants are sodium lauryl sulfates. If the surfactants are ammonium based, then ammonium chloride is used. Salt can make the shampoo harsh and sting the eyes, so more expensive thickeners are used to keep the salt levels low. Modified cellulose based thickeners are ften used, along with the surfactant based thickeners already mentioned. Glycerine is added as a humectant (draws moisture from the air), as is propylene glycol, which is also a preservative. There are many additives put in shampoos and conditioners that appear to be there mainly for marketing purposes. Honey, various herb extracts, and similar items might add to the fragrance, but are unlikely to have any effect in the concentrations used. Amino acids can act as conditioners, but the source of the amino acid is not important. Silk amino acids are no different from soy amino acids, except in the proportions of which particular amino acids are contained. Preservatives Two widely used preservatives, DMDM hydantoin and imidazolidinyl urea are found in many shampoos, to prevent fungal and bacterial spoilage. They release formaldehyde to kill germs. Another broad-spectrum biocide is isothiazolinone and the related methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone. Sodium benzoate is another preservative used in shampoos. It kills bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, and works well in acidic mixtures. Another bactericide used is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. Body Washes and bath Products Body washes also have different types but they are categorised according to skin type or condition. As well as normal skin types which can usually use any products and combination skin types that should shop around for different products. There are anti-aging products, products for acne, dry skin, oily skin and sensitive skin such as a child‘s skin. Skin types and conditions Anti-Aging – Example – Dove Pro-age Beauty Bath Pro Age Beauty Body Wash is for dull tired skin with 1/4 moisturizing cream for vital luminous skin. It is made to give aging skin what it needs; including faster cell turnover and plenty of rich nourishment and protection. It combines functional ingredients like glycerin, emollients, natural soy oil and olive oil to optimize cell turnover while gently cleaning your skin. Other active ingredients of anti-aging products Vitamins and antioxidants are found in almost every antiaging formulation. The best around is tretinoin, a vitamin A derivative that regenerates collagen lost over time and also stops further damage. US-based Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical’s RENOVA, which contains tretinoin, is available by prescription only. However, studies published in 2007 reported that over-the-counter retinol-based lotions and moisturizers, if properly formulated and applied, can result in the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals before they can damage the skin. The leading ingredients are vitamins C and E. â€Å"Each of these ingredients works to protect the skin from sun damage, but they are even more effective when used in combination,† notes Burke. Other antioxidants that have shown potential in laboratory studies include alpha-lipoic acid, the soy isoflavone genistein, selenium, the milk-thistle-derived flavonoid mixture known as silymarin and ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10). None of these has yet undergone rigorous studies to confirm effectiveness in products for human use. Examples of vitamin ingredients include Stay-C 50 (vitamin C sodium ascorbyl phosphate) and ALL-Q plus (vitamin E in combination with Coenzyme Q10) from DSM Nutritional Products. Acne – Example – Acne Skin Nourishing Milk Bath This product is a unique formula It has a milk protein base which is rich in nourishing vitamins, amino acids and minerals. This product contains natural plant collagen from Oat Extract and Japanese Camellia Oil to feed the skin whilst keeping it soft and supple. It is also excellent for irritated, sensitive and excessively dry skin conditions. It has Benzoyl Peroxide as its active ingredient which has anti bacterial properties. Other active ingredients of acne products The ingredient of an acne product depends on its use. Some acne products have herbal ingredients known for curing acne and removing acne scasr. One of the active ingredients of an acne product in the market is the anti-bacterial agent known as Benzoyl Peroxide (which is the active ingredient of my acne bath product). It destroys the acne causing bacteria that causes drying and peeling effect thus preventing skin breakouts. Another one was a beta hydroxy acid from the bark of a willow tree called Salicylic Acid. This agent has a bigger molecule size that helps the beta hydroxy acid stay on the surface of the skin, allowing it to penetrate effectively as it exfoliates inside the pore and prevents the pores from clogging. The ingredient sulfur and resorcinol are often found together as they are rarely used alone in acne products in the market. Removing dead skin cells that clogs pores and removes excess oil from skin is the primary use of this ingredient. The use of products with these may cause redness and peeling but can actually help break down whiteheads and blackheads. Products with alcohol and acetone found generally in astringents can be a primary solution in removing dirt and oils from skin that causes acne build up if ignored.

DNA repair mechanisms role in survival to nucleoside analogues Thesis

DNA repair mechanisms role in survival to nucleoside analogues treatment in S.pombe - Thesis Example Two methods of treatment where this is especially important to consider are topoisomerase inhibitors and nucleoside analogues. In both of these cases, DNA repair systems involve the use of the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 complex. This project aims to examine how DNA repair mechanisms of Schizosaccharomyces pombe contribute to resistance to treatment with nucleoside analogues. This information should help to provide further insight into the way in which human cells are able to develop resistance to this form of treatment, and perhaps provide some indication of a method to prevent this. In everyday life, cells are exposed to external and internal agents that cause thousands of DNA mutations per day. These mutations range from being small, such as affecting a single nucleotide, to large mutations where accurate repair can be difficult. For the accurate propagation of the genetic information within cells, it is essential that the body has mechanisms of repairing damage in a reliable manner. However, while many methods for DNA repair exist, these are not always successful and mutations can accumulate, resulting in the development of cancer (Helleday et al., 2007). Understanding these processes, why they occur the way that they do and what can be done to influence these is crucial for knowing the way that cancer occurs, and determining methods of treating it effectively. In our modern society, cancer has remained one of the most well studied diseases and perhaps one of the least understood. The fundamental aspects of cancer are damage in the DNA of a cell that results in a lack of control over cell growth and replication, as well reducing the likelihood that cells will enter apoptosis. These cells are able to proliferate well beyond the normal constraints of the tissue that they are in (Loeb et al., 2003). With high levels of replication and low cell death, abnormal cells build up

Evaluation of Statistical Data Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of Statistical Data - Term Paper Example The main objective of this study is to determine significant factors that influence the overall academic performance i.e. GPA of a student. The major possible factors identified initially include Class, Age, IQ and the study time a student contributes for learning and acquiring knowledge after class hours. The sample of this study comprised of 30 students gathered from different class intakes. The cumulative GPA of each student was used to measure their overall performance. In this particular case study, our independent variable is Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) on a scale of 4.00 while our dependent variables include class of the student, age of the student, his or her IQ level and study time that a student consumes after class hours for learning. In this study, Minitab 16.2.1 Statistical Software was used to carry out statistical calculations. Initially, descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for all dependent and independent variables to study their distribution pa ttern to draw any meaningful interpretation. Further, correlation and regression analysis was conducted to determine if there is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. ... Descriptive Statistical Analysis First of all descriptive statistics of independent and dependent variables was carried out using Minitab 16.2.1 Statistical software to study the distribution pattern of the values contained within these variables for a sample size of 30 i.e. n=30. According to Kirk (2008), mode is highest score value in the data sample that has the maximum frequency of occurrence, median is the center value in the order data sample that divides the sample into two halves while mean is the average of all data points and is the center of gravity of the sample. Kirk (2008) highlights that the standard deviation is the most important and widely used value that helps to identify the dispersion of the data. The square of standard deviation is called variance. Skewness is the measure of extent to which distribution of the data leans to one side of the mean. A negatively skewed data indicates that the distribution leans to right while positively skewed data indicates distrib ution leaning to the left of average value. Kurtosis, on the other hand, is the measure of peakedness of the sample data. Below is detailed analysis of the independent and dependent variables: Class of Students The pie chart indicated that 10% of the students from our sample of 30 students were from Class 1, 20% were from Class 2, 23.3% from Class 3 and 46.7% from Class 4 as shown below. Figure 1 : Pie Chart of Percentage of Students Sampled from Each Class Grade Point Average The descriptive statistical analysis of the GPA sample revealed that the mean value of GPA was 3.2317 with a standard deviation of 0.3597. The Skewness of the sample is -0.04 which indicates that data is nearly uniformly

Communicative Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communicative Disorders - Essay Example 14). Students with a mild hearing loss might either have a hearing aid, or the teacher might be able to speak louder to him or her than to other students. For a child with moderate hearing loss, one might use a louder voice in addition to flash cards or other manipulatables and visuals to assist in the lesson. According to Gargiulo (2010), â€Å"Pupils with a hearing loss need visual information to learn. Acting out experience-based language lessons or stories is helpful. Using environmental labels around the classroom can start such children on the road to learning language†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 426). Additionally, teachers teaching students with severe hearing loss should be well-versed in American Sign Language (ASL). If they are not familiar with sign language, they should start learning it so they can communicate with their students whose hearing is nonexistent or very poor. It’s the teacher’s job to make sure that these interventions wouldn’t interfere with n ormal classroom routines by making these interventions part of the routine. Parents cannot be left out of the equation, either. According to Otto (2010), parents are a key component in ensuring that a child has all the support he or she needs to succeed (pp. 3). Parents’ concerns must be addressed. Teachers should share any relevant information with the parents and support them in the education of their

Denial or doubters of the environmental global warming Essay

Denial or doubters of the environmental global warming - Essay Example These experts include Frederick Seitz, Ph.D. Richard S. Lindzen, Ph.D., S. Fred Singer, Ph.D, Patrick J. Michaels, Ph.D.,Robert C. Balling, Jr. Ph. D.1 They have expressed doubts over climate change and challenged the consensus of mainstream scientists (Granados). This paper briefly explains the biggest theory of denial or doubters of the environmental global warming Lord Crimson (n. d) has cited the opinions of 19,000 scientists in order to argue against the established theories of global warming. These scientists have established that the current theories about the responsibility of the human in global warming are in question. They have signed a petition saying global warming is probably natural and not a crisis (Lord Crimson). United States is depending heavily (around 85%) on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Fossil fuels are exhausting day by day and it is difficult for United Sates to meet all its energy needs in future in the absence of fossil fuels. So, they want to reduce the usage of fossil fuels as much as possible by other countries and for that purpose they have attributed the global warming problem to the emissions from the fossil fuels. â€Å"Dr Sami Solanki, the director of the renowned Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Gottingen, Germany, ha conducted a research in order to find out the reasons behind global warming. He has concluded that the Sun has been at its strongest over the past 60 years and may now be affecting global temperatures† (The Global Warming Scam). In other worlds, instead of searching for the reasons of global warming on earth, we must look in to the sky to find out reasons. The solar radiations were intensified a lot for the last 1000years as per the studies conducted by Dr. Solanki. These rise in solar temperature causing the atmospheric temperature rise and melting of ice from the Polar Regions. Increased amount of flood, the sea level rise and the melting of huge ice blocks